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Avascular necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis, is a medical condition that occurs when there is a loss of blood supply to bone tissue, leading to the death of bone cells. Without adequate blood flow, the bone tissue breaks down and the bone can eventually collapse. AVN most commonly affects the ends of long bones such as the femur, particularly the hip joint, but it can also impact other bones including the shoulders, knees, and ankles. The condition can be caused by various factors including trauma or injury, long-term use of high-dose corticosteroids, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions like sickle cell disease. Symptoms often include pain and limited range of motion in the affected joint. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further bone damage and potential joint collapse. Treatment options may include medication, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgical procedures such as core decompression, bone grafts, or joint replacement. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with avascular necrosis.